Gendered Incarceration in India: Examining Structural Gaps, Challenges and Rehabilitation of Women Prisoners

This study critically examines the gendered structures and systemic gaps in women’s incarceration in India, revealing how male-centric prison systems inadequately address female prisoners' distinct healthcare needs, mental health issues, exposure to custodial violence, and rights concerning incarcerated mothers and their children. Employing a feminist and intersectional framework, it integrates qualitative data, legal analysis, and comparative international perspectives to argue for trauma-informed, gender-responsive rehabilitation and the expansion of non-custodial measures. The research highlights the necessity for comprehensive reforms in prison infrastructure, healthcare services, legal aid provision, and reintegration policies to restore dignity and agency to incarcerated women and promote their successful social reintegration.