AI Regulations and Ethics in India vs. USA: A Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Governance Frameworks

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has necessitated the development of comprehensive regulatory frameworks and ethical guidelines across nations. This paper presents a comparative analysis of AI regulations and ethical considerations in India and the United States — two major economies with fundamentally distinct approaches to AI governance. While the United States has adopted a sector-specific, innovation-friendly approach with limited federal intervention, India has pursued a more centralized strategy that balances technological advancement with social welfare concerns. The paper examines regulatory landscapes, ethical frameworks, implementation challenges, and future trajectories of AI governance in both nations. Through this comparative lens, the study identifies key differences in philosophical approaches, regulatory mechanisms, enforcement strategies, and ethical priorities. The findings reveal that while both nations recognize the transformative potential of AI, their governance models reflect different socio-economic priorities, legal traditions, and technological capacities. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on international AI governance and offers insights for policymakers, technologists, and scholars interested in how distinct democratic systems approach the regulation of emerging technologies.